The chief departments of a metallurgical plant operating on a complete ore-to-finished product cycle are the blast furnace, steel making and rolling departments. Almost all the steel that is produced in the steel making department passes through the rolling department; only a small portion is used for making casting and forgings. The rolling process, in which the finished product is produced, is the concluding stage of metallurgical production. The finished product of such a plant is rolled stock of various types, designed for various purposes, such as: rails; beams; channels; angles; round, square or strip steel; special-purpose shapes, plate and sheet; tubes, etc. The initial material supplied to the rolling mill is the ingot which may be either square or rectangular in cross-section. In certain cases round ingots are employed (in the production of tubes, wheels and types). The rolling process in a modern metallurgical plant comprises two stages: 1) Rolling the ingot into the semifinished product and 2) Rolling the semifinished into the finished product. Under the dispensations of the governments Industrial Policy of the post-liberalisation era, four steps changed the direction of the steel industry in India. These were (i) freedom to set up integrated steel plants in the private sector; (ii) placing imports of steel under OGL (open general licence); (iii) reduction of import duties on both steel and scrap; and (iv) decontrol of domestic prices. The comparative advantage of cheap and high quality iron ore and manganese, has been somewhat set off by the limited accessibility of the steel industry to the supply of coking coal. The adoption of the sponge iron route by the private sector integrated plants helped in circumventing the constraint, and at the same time, ushered in a technological revolution in the industry. As a result, India has come to enjoy a cost advantage compared to most countries. India produced over 50 mn tonnes of steel in 2006-07. In the year 2007-08, the production had gone up to nearly 55 mn tonnes. Of this, 5.7 mn tonnes were exported. The industry in India witnessed a boom period aided by higher price realizations. Total market of steel was estimated at Rs. 1867.77 billion in 2007-08 which meant an increase of around 17% over that of the preceding year. The domestic supplies constituted some 81% of the total. The domestic demand is based on the per capita consumption in the urban sector increasing from 77 kg to 165 kg in 2019-20 at an annual growth of 5%. Likewise the per capita consumption in rural areas was expected to rise from 2 kg per annum to 4 kg by the terminal year (a CAGR of 4.4%). India has one of the lowest consumption rate in the world - around 33 kg per person to Chinas 200 kg, and South Koreas 900 kg. The thrust to an increased growth of over 7% is expected to be realised by a 13% annual increase in exports. To achieve the planned target on the basis of proposed investments, the Indian steel sector would require an estimated additional workforce of 136,000 to achieve the anticipated steel production of 68 mn tonnes by 2011-12. It was anticipated by the government. That India would reach a capacity of 124 mn tonne by 2012. Extending the horizon further, India is slated to achieve a capacity of over 240 mn tonnes per year by 2020. Chinas present capacity stands at 349 million tonnes. In this context, the steel industrys target of 110 mn tonnes by 2019-20 may be considered modest. There is a very good scope in this sector and new entrepreneurs should venture into this field. Few Indian Major Players are as under: A H W Steels Ltd. A K C Steel Inds. Ltd. A P Steel Re-Rolling Mill Ltd. Aarti Steels Ltd. Abhishek Steels Ltd. Adhunik Metaliks Ltd. Aditya Ispat Ltd. Agarwal Steel Complex Ltd. Albright Steel Inds. Ltd. Allied Steels Ltd. Allied Strips Ltd. Andhra Pradesh Steels Ltd. Anil Special Steel Inds. Ltd. Ankit Metal & Power Ltd. Apollo Metalex Pvt. Ltd. Apollo Vikas Steels Pvt. Ltd. Arun Vyapar Udyog Pvt. Ltd. Ashiana Ispat Ltd. Asian Alloys Ltd. Associated Transrail Structures Ltd. Atma Steels Ltd. Avon Ispat & Power Ltd. B S L Scaffolding Ltd. Balmukund Concast Ltd. Beekay Steel Inds. Ltd. Bellary Steels & Alloys Ltd. Benaka Sponge Iron Pvt. Ltd. Bharat Berg Ltd. Bharat Forge & Press Inds. Ltd. Bhartia Commercial Co. Ltd. Bhoruka Steel & Services Ltd. Bhushan Power & Steel Ltd. Bhushan Steel Ltd. Bhuwalka Steel Inds. Ltd. Bloom Industries Ltd. Bohmis Industries Ltd. Brindavan Alloys Ltd. Calcutta Steel Co. Ltd. Chamundi Inds. Ltd. Charminar Steels Ltd. Chase Bright Steel Ltd. Comet Steels Ltd. Concast Ispat Ltd. Coromandel Steels Ltd. Deccan Alloys Pvt. Ltd. Delta Mechcons (India) Ltd. Dewas Metal Sections Ltd. Dhar Industries Ltd. Dhiraj Iron & Steel Ltd. Divy Rollform Ltd. Dolphin Udyog Ltd. E B G India Pvt. Ltd. Eastcoast Steel Ltd. Eastern Steel & Power Ltd. Ellora Steels Ltd. Energylink (India) Pvt. Ltd. Essar Steel Ltd. Facor Steels Ltd. Ferro Concrete Co India Ltd. G K Steel & Allied Inds. Ltd. Gangotri Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. Ganpati Sponge Iron Ltd. Girish Rolled Products & Alloys Ltd. Glade Steel Pvt. Ltd. Goa Ispat Ltd. Gontermann-Peipers (India) Ltd. Goradia Steel Inds. Pvt. Ltd. Goyal Ispat Ltd. Graham Firth Steel Products (India) Ltd. Grand Bright Bars Ltd. Gujarat Natural Resources Ltd. Gwalior Strips Ltd. Hamco Steels & Alloys Ltd. Handum Industries Ltd. Handum Iron & Steel Enterprises Ltd. Hans Metals Ltd. Hariyana Metals Ltd. Haryana Concast Ltd. Haryana Foils Ltd. Hi-Tech Pipes Ltd. Him Ispat Ltd. Hisar Metal Inds. Ltd. Hitek Industries Ltd. Howrah Gases Ltd. I U P Jindal Metals & Alloys Ltd. India Steel Works Ltd. Indian Bright Steel Co. Ltd. Indian Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. Indian Steel Corpn. Ltd. Indian Steel Rolling Mills Ltd. Indore Steel & Iron Mills Ltd. Indus Smelters Ltd. Ipisteel Ltd. Ispat Industries Ltd. Ispat Jharkhand Steels Ltd. Ispat Profiles India Ltd. J S L Stainless Ltd. J S W Steel Ltd. J S W Steel Processing Centres Ltd. J V G Steels India Ltd. J V Strips Ltd. Jai Corp Ltd. Jai Raj Ispat Ltd. Jalan Ispat Castings Ltd. Jalgaon Re-Rolling Inds. Ltd. Jindal Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. Jindal Steel & Alloys Ltd. Jindal Steel & Power Ltd. Juhi Alloys Ltd. K A P Steel Ltd. K B Rolling Mills Ltd. K L Concast Pvt. Ltd. K L Rathi Steels Ltd. K L Steels Pvt. Ltd. K R Steelunion Ltd. Kalyani Gerdau Steels Ltd. Kamdhenu Ispat Ltd. Kamini Ispat Ltd. Kanishk Steel Inds. Ltd. Kaveri Steels Pvt. Ltd. Khemka Ispat Ltd. Kundil Ispat Ltd. Kusum Iron & Steel Ltd. Lloyds Steel Inds. Ltd. Loha Ispat Ltd. M S L Industries Ltd. M S P Steel & Power Ltd. Madhusudan Special Sections Ltd. Magnum Steels Ltd. Mahalakshmi Profile Ltd. Mahamaya Steel Inds. Ltd. Mahavir Rolling Mill Ltd. Mahavir Steel Inds. Ltd. Mahindra Steel Service Centre Ltd. Maitri Steels Ltd. Man Structurals Ltd. Mangal Steel Enterprises Ltd. Mardia Ispat Ltd. Marmagoa Steel Ltd. Meenakshi Steel Inds. Ltd. Meghalaya Ispat Ltd. Met-Rolla Steels Ltd. Metalman Industries Ltd. Modern Steels Ltd. Modinagar Rolls Ltd. Mohan Steels Ltd. Mohta Electro Steel Ltd. Monga Brothers Ltd. Mukand Ltd. Mukand Vijaynagar Steels Ltd. Munak Galva Sheets Ltd. N S L Ltd. [Merged] National General Inds. Ltd. National Steel & Agro Inds. Ltd. Nava Karnataka Steels Pvt. Ltd. Nicco Steels Ltd. Nipha Steels Ltd. O P Steels Ltd. Orient Steel & Inds. Ltd. P M P Steel Rolling Mills (Madras) Ltd. P M Telelinnks Ltd. Panchmahal Steel Ltd. Parshuram Steels Ltd. Partap Rajasthan Special Steels Ltd. Partap Steel Rolling Mills (1935) Ltd. Partap Steels Ltd. Pasondia Steel Profiles Ltd. Peekay Re-Rolling Mills Pvt. Ltd. Pennar Engineered Building Systems Ltd. Pennar Industries Ltd. Pithampur Steels Ltd. Pondy Metal & Rolling Mills Pvt. Ltd. Posco India Pvt. Ltd. Prabhu Steel Inds. Ltd. Prakash Industries Ltd. Premier Ispat Ltd. Prestige Stocks & Bonds Ltd. Progressive Steels (India) Ltd. Punjab Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. Purvi Bharat Steels Ltd. R H L Profiles Ltd. R K K R Steels Ltd. R M I Steels Ltd. R P G Transmission Ltd. R R Ispat Ltd. R S Corporation Ltd. R S Infra-Transmission Ltd. R S L Industries Ltd. (Duplicate Name, Uttar Pradesh) Rajasthan Ambuja Inds. Ltd. Rajinder Alloys Ltd. Ramanasekhar Steels Ltd. Ramsunar Rolsteel Ltd. Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. Rathi Alloys & Steel Ltd. Rathi Bars Ltd. Rathi Industries Ltd. Rathi Steel & Power Ltd. Reliance Ispat Inds. Ltd. Richardson & Cruddas (1972) Ltd. Richardson & Cruddas Ltd. Rishab Concast Ltd. Rohini Strips Ltd. Ruchi Strips & Alloys Ltd. S A B Industries Ltd. S K Foils Ltd. Sail Bansal Service Centre Ltd. Sandeep Industries Ltd. Sandeep Steels Ltd. Sanvijay Rolling & Engg. Ltd. Saroj Alloys & Steels Ltd. Seam Industries Pvt. Ltd. Shakti Alloy Steels Ltd. Shilpa Rerollers Ltd. Shimoga Steels Ltd. Shivalik Bimetal Controls Ltd. Shobhagya Steels Ltd. Shree Kamrup Roofings Ltd. Shree Krishna Rolling Mills (Jaipur) Ltd. Shree Mahavir Ispat Ltd. Shree Sanyeeji Ispat Ltd. Shree Sidhbali Steels Ltd. Shree Vaishnav Ispat Pvt. Ltd. Shri Bajrang Alloys Ltd. Shri Bhagavati Bright Bars Ltd. Shri Ramrupai Balaji Steels Ltd. Shri Rathi Steels Ltd. Singhal Strips Ltd. Singhal Swaroop Ispat Ltd. Sipta Coated Steels Ltd. [Erstwhile] Sirhind Steel Ltd. Siyaram India Ltd. Somani Swiss Inds. Ltd. Sonal Vyapar Ltd. Southern Iron & Steel Co. Ltd. Sree Aravindh Steel Ltd. Sri Vasavi Inds. Ltd. Steel Authority Of India Ltd. Steel Complex Ltd. Steel Strips Ltd. Steelco Gujarat Ltd. Stelco Ltd. Stelco Strips Ltd. Strong Steel Ltd. Sujana Metal Products Ltd. Sujana Towers Ltd. Sulekhram Steels Pvt. Ltd. Supra Exports Ltd. Swapna Sakar Steel Ltd. Swetal Steel Inds. Pvt. Ltd. Tamil Nadu Steels Ltd. Tata Steel Ltd. Tayo Rolls Ltd. Testeels Ltd. Tiger Steel Engg. (India) Pvt. Ltd. Tirumala Re-Rolling Pvt. Ltd. Torus India Ltd. Transpower Engineering Ltd. Trichy Steel Rolling Mills Ltd. Trident Steels Ltd. Tulsyan N E C Ltd. Tungabhadra Steel Products Ltd. U B L Industries & Investments Ltd. Unique Intercontinental Ltd. Unique Structures & Towers Ltd. Unison Metals Ltd. Upper India Steel Mfg. & Engg. Co. Ltd. Usha Alloys & Steels Ltd. Utkal Steels Ltd. Uttam Galva Steels Ltd. V S L Steels Ltd. V V S Alloys Ltd. Vallabh Steels Ltd. Vardhman Industries Ltd. Venkateshwar Ispat Ltd. Vermani Steel Strips Ltd. Vijaya Steels Ltd. Viki Industries Pvt. Ltd. Vinar Ispat Ltd. Viraj Profiles Ltd. Wheelabrator Alloy Castings Ltd. Zodiac Metal Strips Ltd. Capacity : Hot Rolled Rods 30000 MT/Annum Tor Steel 15000 MT/Annum Cold Rolled Steel 15000 MT/Annum